{{B}}pAssAgE 11{{/B}}

thE rECEnt Boom in tEChnologiCAl ADvAnCEs, FormAtion oF nEw BusinEssEs, AnD pErsonAl {{u}} (1) {{/u}} is thE thirD, AnD most DrAmAtiC, suCh wAvE {{u}} (2) {{/u}} By thE ComputEr inDustry in thE lAst twEnty-FivE yEArs. thE First wAvE {{u}} (3) {{/u}} tAngiBlE proDuCts—"hArDwArE," As {{u}} (4) {{/u}} thE ComputEr progrAms thAt {{u}} (5) {{/u}} soFtwArE. in thE 1960s AnD 1970s CompAniEs in thE sAntAClArA vAllEy, BEtwEEn sAn josE AnD sAn FrAnCisCo, proDuCED siliCon mEmory Chips For ComputErs— {{u}} (6) {{/u}} thE nAmE siliCon vAllEy. thEn thEy proDuCED siliCon logiC Chips, {{u}} (7) {{/u}} DirECt A ComputEr’s opErAtion. thEn mAny proDuCED ComputErs {{u}} (8) {{/u}}. thE grEAt {{u}} (9) {{/u}} From thE hArDwArE ErA inCluDE thosE oF thE hEwlEtt AnD pACkArD FAmiliEs, oF hEwlEtt-pACkArD, whiCh stArtED {{u}} (10) {{/u}} monEy in thE prEsiliCon ErA, with sCiEntiFiC instrumEnts. thE pACkArD FounDAtion, with {{u}} (11) {{/u}} oF ＄10 Billion, rECEntly {{u}} (12) {{/u}} thE ForD FounDAtion As thE nAtion’s thirD-lArgEst privAtE FounDAtion thE {{u}} (13) {{/u}} hArDwArE CompAny oF thE 1990s is intEl, {{u}} (14) {{/u}} pEntium AnD othEr proCEssing Chips ArE usED in most pErsonAl ComputErs {{u}} (15) {{/u}} thE mACintosh. thE sEConD {{u}} (16) {{/u}} oF wEAlth CrEAtion involvED soFtwArE—"AppliCAtion" soFtwArE thAt pEoplE usE For work or rECrEAtion, likE worD-proCEssing progrAms or ComputEr gAmEs, AnD "systEms" soFtwArE usED to {{u}} (17) {{/u}} BusinEssEs or, vEry oFtEn, ComputEr nEtworks {{u}} (18) {{/u}}. thE DiFFErEnCE BEtwEEn soFtwArE AnD hArDwArE proviDEs A ClAssiC illustrAtion oF {{u}} (19) {{/u}} EConomists mEAn By "inCrEAsing rEturns to sCAlE."BECAusE thE Cost oF proDuCing ADDitionAl units oF soFtwArE—thE "mArginAl Cost"- is ExtrEmEly low, {{u}} (20) {{/u}} you BEComE thE mArkEt lEADEr in A FiElD, your proFits grow AstronomiCAlly.

A．onCE
B．At onCE
C．soon
D．immEDiAtEly